The story of هلكت وأهلكت The story involving this Arabic sentence (which means "you are doomed and you doomed others") was mentioned in the following references (page numbers refer to the Internet copy). The story is mentioned as evidence of the importance of the abrogated and abrogating verses, which obviously implies that they exist in the first place.
نواسخ القرآن لابن الجوزي (page 4)
الناسخ والمنسوخ في القرآن الكريم لابن حزم الأندلسي (page 1)
الناسخ والمنسوخ لأبي القاسم المقري (page 1)
المصفى بأكف أهل الرسوخ من علم الناسخ والمنسوخ لابن الجوزي (page 1)
قلائد المرجان في بيان الناسخ والمنسوخ في القرآن لمرعي بن يوسف الكرمي (page 1)
Under different narratives, the story is that a man was addressing people in a religious setting and was confusing what is allowed with what is disallowed, and what is a command to do with what is a command not to do. An authoritative figure (depending on the narrative: Aly or Ibn Abbas, may God be pleased with them, or someone else) came by and asked the man if he knows the abrogating from the abrogated. When the man said that he doesn't, the authoritative figure said to him " هلكت وأهلكت " which is taken as evidence of the importance of having such knowledge.
I have three comments on this story
in regard to its value as evidence related to the main question of this project "are there abrogated verses in the text of the Quran?"
1. Authenticity: The fact that the same story exists but with the authoritative figure being a different person under different narratives raises a question about its authenticity. It is not impossible that the same story happened with different persons, but it's rather unlikely.
2. Context: Even if the story is true, the man who was lecturing was obviously unqualified to address people on religious matters, and it is possible that the question that the authoritative figure asked him was aimed at pinning down his ignorance and that " هلكت وأهلكت " was about speaking without knowledge in general rather than specifically related to the abrogating and abrogated.
3. Implication: Even if " هلكت وأهلكت " was about not knowing the abrogating and abrogated, there are more aspects to abrogation than having "abrogated verses in the text of the Quran." For instance, the change of rules that happened in the Sunna is referred to by some as abrogation.
My point is simple. If this story is the one that makes it to 5 references dedicated to abrogation, and is considered as supporting evidence for the doctrine of abrogation (of verses in the text of the Quran, that is), then this does not speak well of the strength of the available evidence.